앨리스 워커의 작품세계 : 인간의 가능성과 변화의 갈망

최은경 德成女子大學校 1994 德成女大論文集 Vol.23 No.-

Alice Walker has prodused a significant body of work since 1968.She Has been acclaimed by many to be one of the finest novelists in the U.S,.having captured both the American Book Award and the Pulitzer in 1983. Her sustantial body of writing is charcterized by recurrent motifs:the Black woan as creator,the relationship between struggle and change, a spiritual legacy of Black people in the Southe and so forth. In this paper the following are analyzed:the Third Life of Grange Copeland, In Love and Trouble, Five Poems,Meridian,Good Night Willie Lee,I'll see you in the Morning, You can't Keep a Good Woman Down,The Color Purple, In Search of Our Mother's Gardens:Womanist Prose,and The Temple of My Familiar.

Invisible Man 의 두 이야기

최은경 德成女子大學校 1996 德成女大論文集 Vol.26 No.-

Invisible Man is a crucial text in which Ralph Ellison addresses the problematic of black identity in a society that hs denied the validity of that identity. This paper deals with two kinds of stories presented in the novel. The first one focuses on an imposition of meaning on the past, present, future that may necessitate distorting or ignoring the social reality. The second one puts emphasis on specific, discontinuous reality to the point of negating the possibility of meaning. The three sequences to be discussed include college experiences, life in New York, and the Brotherhood. The narrator finds his identity in nonidentity.

아마릴리스의 미숙배와 인편조직으로부터 식물체 재분화

최은경,박학봉 한국식물생명공학회 1998 식물생명공학회지 Vol. No.

아마릴리스 'Picottee', 'White Christmas', 'Eldorado', 'Origin', Red Lion', 'Telstar', 'Crypsy'의 교잡배를 여러 농도의 2,4-D, NAA, BA, TDZ가 첨가된 MS배지에 배양한 결과, 0.5~3.0 ㎎/L 2,4-D에 비하여 0.5~3.0 ㎎/L NAA 처리구에서 줄기와 자구 분화가 양호하였다. 0.5㎎/L NAA 처리는 배양체로부터 높은 자구 형성율을 나타냈고, 줄기 분화율은 NAA 1.0㎎/L과 TDZ 2.0㎎/L 혼용처리구에서는 가장 높았다. 배지에 1.0~2.0㎎/L TDZ 첨가는 치상체당 더 많은 줄기를 분화시켰으나 1.0~2.0㎎/L BA 처리보다 뿌리의 발달은 억제되었다. 'Star Van Holland'의 인편을 배양했을 때 자구 형성은 0.5㎎/L NAA가 첨가된 배지에서 가장 효과적이었다. Immature hybrid embryos of H. hybridum, 'Picottee', 'White Christmas', 'Eldorado', 'Origin', 'Red Lion', 'elstar', 'Crypsy' were cultured on the MS medium supplemented with various concentrations of 2,4-D, NAA, BA and TDZ. Among the treatments, NAA were more effective for the shoot regeneration and bulblet formation than other treatment. Addition of 0.5 ㎎/L NAA was effective for bulblet induction from explant Shoot regeneration was most effective on the medium with 1.0㎎/L NAA and 2.0 ㎎/L TDZ. The addition of 1.0-2.0㎎/L TDZ induced numerous shoots per explant but strongly inhibited root development when compared to 1.0-2.0㎎/L BA. When bulb scale segments of 'Star Van Holland' was incubated, bulblet formation was the most effective on MS medium with 0.5㎎/L NAA.

품질개념의 확대와 품질경영이 기업성과에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

최은경 梨花女子大學校 法政大學 1995 經營學硏究 Vol.- No.11

강활(Ostericum koreanum)과 지리강활(Angelica purpuraefolia)의 미숙종자로부터 고빈도의 체세포배 발생과 식물체 재분화

최은경,박학봉 한국식물생명공학회 1995 식물생명공학회지 Vol.22 No.5

The objective of this study is to establish an efficient celll culture system for somatic embryogenesis in Ostericum koreanum and Angelica purpuraefolia. The highest frequency of embryogenic callus on immature seeds of O. konanum and A, purpuraefolia. was obtained when seeds were cultured on MS medium containing 0.1 mg/L 2,4-D and 0.1 mg/L BA. However somatic embryos were formed directly from the edge of cotyledon and hypocotyl of plant which regenerated on medium supplemented with 0.1-3.0 mg/L NAA. Immature seed explane cultured at 25$\pm$2$^{\circ}C$ after 10 days treatment at 5$^{\circ}C$ produced embryogenic callus and somatic embryos, and these differentiated into whole plane. Addition of glutamine and coconut milk to media did not enhance the frequency of somatic embryogenesis in immature seed cultures of A. purpuraefolia. However in immature seed culture of O. koreanum, the frequency of somatic embryogenesis were increased on media supplemented with glutamine and 10% coconut milk. Especially addition of glutamine to the medium substituted effect of NH$_4$N0$_3$ in constast to coconut milk. The highest frequency of conversion somatic embryos into plantlet was 89.1% on MS basal medium Embryogenic calli were grown vigorously when maintained on medium with 0.01 mg/L 2,4-D and 0.01 mg/L BA. 본 실험은 강활(O. koreanum)과 지리강활(A.purpuraefolia)의 체세포배 발생을 위한 효율적인 세포배양시스템을 확립하고자 실시하였다. 강활과 지리강활의 개화후 3주된 미숙종자는 0.1 mg/L 2,4-D와 0.1 mg/L BA 혼용처리구에서 배발생캘러스와 체세포배 발생이 가장 양호하였고, 0.1-3.0mg/L NAA가 처리된 배지에서 재분화된 식물체의 자엽과 배축의 가장자리로부터 직접 체세포배가 발생하였다. 미숙종자의 휴면을 고려하여 저온처리한 결과, 5$^{\circ}C$에서 10일동안 저장 후, 25$\pm$2$^{\circ}C$에서 배양하였을 때 반응이 없던 배양체로부터 배발생 캘러스와 체세포배가 발생하였고 이 체세포배는 줄기와 뿌리로 분화되었다. 지리강활에서는 배지내 첨가한 glutamine과 coconut milk의 뚜렷한 효과가 인정되지 않았다. 그러나 강활의 경우에는 대조구에 비하여 glutamine과 10% coconut milk가 포함된 배지에서 체세포배 발생률이 항상되었고 특히 glutamine은 coconut milk에 비해 NH$_4$NO$_3$ 대체효과가 인정되었다. 체세포배의 器內 식물체전환율은 MS 기본배지에서 89.1%로 가장 양호하였고 배발생 캘러스의 증식용 배지로는 0.01 mg/L 2,4-D와 0.01 mg/L BA혼용처리구에서 가장 좋았다.

MVP Chemotherapy and Hyperfractionated Radiotherapy for Stage III Unresectable Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer - Randomized for Maintenance Chemotherapy vs. Observation; Preliminary Report

최은경,장혜숙,서철원,이규형,이정신,김상희,최철준,고윤석,김우성,김원동,김삼현,손광현,Choi, Euk-Kyung,Chang, Hye-Sook,Suh, Cheol-Won,Lee, Kyoo-Hyung,Lee, Jung-Shin,Kim, Sang-Hee,Choi, Chul-Joon,Koh, Youn-Suck,Kim, Woo-Sung,Kim, Won-Dong,K The Korean Society for Radiation Oncology 1991 Radiation Oncology Journal Vol.9 No.2

제3기의 진행성 비소세포 폐암에서의 MVP항암 요법과 다분할 방사선 치료의 효과를 판정하기 위하여 1991년 1월부터 전향성 임의선택 연구(prospective randomized study)를 시작하였다. 본 연구는 제III기의 비소세포 폐암중 절제가 불가능한 환자를 대상으로 하여 MVP 항암요법(Mitomycin C 6mg/$m^2$, Vinblastine 6 mg/$m^2$, Cisplatin 60 mg/$m^2$)을 3회 시행한 후 다분할 방사선치료 (120 cGy/ft BID)를 6500 cGy까지 조사하였다. 방사선치료가 끝난 1개월 후 관해정도를 확인하여 추가 항암요법을 시행하는 군과 계속 관찰하는 군으로 임의 분류하였다. 1991년 8월까지 18명의 환자가 등록 되었으며 이중 2명은 2cycle의 항암요법 후 치료를 포기하여 16명의 환자에 대한 분석을 시행하였다. MVP항암요법에 대한 관해율은 $62.5\%$로 $50\%$에서는 부분관해 $12.5\%$에서는 minimal response를 보였다. 항암요법에 부분관해를 보인 3명중 1명에서는 방사선 치료후 완전관해를 보였으며 항암요법으로 병이 진행된 6명의 환자중 4명에서는 방사선 치료후에도 역시 병이 진행되는 것을 알 수 있었다. 모든 환자는 다분할 방사선 치료를 잘 견뎠으나 한 환자가 방사선 치료 한달 후 항암요법과 관련된 부작용으로 사망하였다. 아직 추적관찰 기간이 짧고 대상 환자가 많지 않다는 문제점은 있으나 본 연구를 계속 진행함으로써 유의한 결과를 얻을 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. To evaluate the effect of MVP chemotherapy and hyperfractionated radiotherapy in Stage III unresectable non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), authors have conducted a prospective randomized study since January 1991, Stage IIIa or IIIb unresectable NSCLC patients were treated with hyperfractionated radiotherapy (120 cGy/fx BID) up to 6500 cGy following 3 cycles of induction MVP (Mitomycin C 6 mg/$m^2$, Vinblastine 6 mg/$m^2$, Cisplatin 60 mg/$m^2$) and randomized for either observation or 3 cycles of maintenance MVP chemotherapy. Until August 1991, 18 patients were registered to this study. 4 cases were stage IIIa and 14 were stage IIIb. Among 18 cases 2 were lost after 2 cycles of chemotherapy, and 46 were analyzed for this preliminary report. The response rate of induction chemotherapy was $62.5\%$ : partial response, $50\%$ and minimal response, $12.5\%$. Residual tumor of the one partial responder was completely disappeared after radiotherapy. Among 6 cases who were progressed during induction chemotherapy, 4 of them were also progressed after radiotherapy. All patients were tolerated BID radiotherapy without definite increase of acute complications, compared with conventional radiotherapy group. But at the time of this report, one patient expired in two month after the completion of the radiotherapy because of treatment related complication. Although the longer follow up is needed, authors are encouraged with higher response rate and acceptable toxicity of this treatment. Authors believe that this study is worthwhile to continue.

NATIVE SON 小考

崔恩卿 德成女子大學校 1978 德成女大論文集 Vol.7 No.-

Since his enforced migration to America from the shores of west Africa, beginning in the 17th century, the Black American, both as slave and freedman, has had to cope with all kinds of hardships including the manipulation of a white majority. In 1940 when Richard Wright's Native Son was published, there were mixed reactions toward it. However, the novel soon turned out to be innovative and even revolutionary especially to the Black writers and the public. Even though the Black literature existed in the previous decades, Native Son was one of the first serious Black novels that had ever been produced. Native Son consists of three parts: Fear, Flight, and Fate. The novel is mainly a story of Bigger Thomas. Ge is a "Nigger" in a white man's world. His crimes horrify the whole of Chicago. Caught up by forces he could neither understand nor control, Bigger finds a sense of freedom and identity in acts of violence. Never does Bigger actively participate in either the Black America or the white America. However, he is surely and American. He is a native son. He is surely a faithful "damned nigger". On the whole, Wrighted did a good job in developing each part of the novel. Book Two is tightly knit and well written. Especially the flight scene is superb. However, Max's long speech in Book Three somehow seems to have destroyed the general flow of the novel. In spite of all, Native Son clearly shows the extent and content of black Americal literature. Wright did shown his themes of alienation, human fear, guilt and dread. Besides, he made an important contribution to American literature. His contribution is noteworthy.

Hyperfractionated Radiotherapy and Concurrent Chemotherapy for Stage III Unresectable Non Small Cell Lung Cancer : Preliminary Report for Response and Toxicity

최은경,김종훈,장혜술,김상위,서철원,이규형,이정신,김상희,고윤석,김우성,김동순,김원동,송군식,Choi, Eun-Kyung,Kim, Jong-Hoon,Chang, Hye-Sook,Kim, Sang-We,Suh, Cheol-Won,Lee, Kyoo-Hyung,Lee, Jung, Shin,Kim, Sang-Hee,Ko, Youn-Suk,Kim, Woo-Sung The Korean Society for Radiation Oncology 1995 Radiation Oncology Journal Vol.13 No.2

목적 : 절제 불가능한 제 3기 비소세포성 폐암에서 다분할 방사선 치료와 MVP 복합 항암요법의 동시 치료에 의한 종양관해율, 급성부작용, 생존기간에 미치는 효과를 알아보기 위하여 1993년 8월부터 전향성 연구(Prospective study)를 시작하였다. 방법: 본 연구는 제 III기의 비소세포성 폐암중 절제가 불가능한 환자를 대상으로 하여 다분할 방사선치료(120 cGy/fx, BID)를 6,480 cGy 시행하며 동시에 방사선치료 제1일과 28일에 2회의 MVP (Mitomycin C $6mg/m^2,$ Vinblastine $6mg/m^2,$ Cisplatin $60mg/m^2$) 복합 항암 요법을 시행하였다. 1994년 11월까지 등록된 62명의 환자에 대한 분석을 시행하였다. 병기는 IIIa 환자가 6명이고 나머지 56명은 IIIb 환자였으며 이중 흉막액이 있었던 환자는 11명, 쇄골상 임파선 전이가 있었던 환자는 10명으로 대부분의 환자가 IIIb 중에서도 진행된 환자였다. 조직학적 유형은 편평 상피암이 41명으로 $66\%$ 선암도 11명으로 $18\%$를 차지하였다. 결과: 52명의 환자중 끝까지 치료를 마친 환자는 48명으로 이 study의 compliance는 $77\%$이었다. 48명의 환자중 2명은 치료중 치료와 관계된 백혈구 감소로 인한 폐렴으로 사망하였다. 치료의 효과를 판정할 수 있었던 46명의 환자중 완전 관해(CR)는 10명으로 $22\%$의 높은 완전 관해율을 보였다. 부분 관해(PR)는 24명 $(52\%)$ 으로 다분할 방사선 치료와 동시 병행 MVP 항암요법에 의한 부분관해 이상의 관해율은 $74\%$ 이었다. 급성부작용 판정이 가능했던 46명중 가장 빈도가 높은 금성 부작용은 백혈구 감소로 1차 항암요법후 10명이 Grade 3, 4명이 Grade 4의 백혈구 감소를 보였으며 2차 항암요법에는 11명이 Grade 3, 9명이 Grade 4의 백혈구 감소를 보여 치료기간이 3일에서 5일 정도 지연되는 결과를 나타냈고 이중 2명은 폐렴으로 인한 패혈증으로 사망하였다. 치료중 체중감소를 보인 환자는 26명 $(54\%)$ 이었으며 이중 9명에서는 치료전에 비해 $10\%$ 이상의 체중감소를 보였다. 치료 1개월후 찍은 CT상 6명에서는 Grade 1의 방사선 폐렴이 관찰되었고 3명에서는 Grade 2로 Steroid 치료후 호전되었다. 결론: 이상의 결과 다분할 방사선 치료와 MVP 항암요법의 동시 치료가 이전의 항암요법후 다분할 방사선 치료하는 Sequential 방법에 비하여 높은 관해율을 보이고 특히 $22\%$의 높은 완전 관해율이 관찰되어 이 연구를 계속 진행함으로써 더 좋은 결과를 얻을 것으로 생각되며 급성 부작용에 대하여는 입원을 통한 Nutrition support와 G-CSF 등을 이용하여 백혈구 감소를 막을 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. Lung cancer study group at Asan Medical Center has conducted the second prospective study to determine the efficacy and feasibility of MVP chemotherapy with concurrent hyperfractionated radiotherapy for Patients with stage III unresectable non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC). All eligible Patients with stage III unresectable NSCLC were treated with hyperfractionated radiotherapy(120 cGy/fx BID. 6480 cGy/54fx) and concurrent 2 cycles of MVP(Mitomycin C $6mg/m^2,$ d2 & d29.Vinblastine $6mg/m^2,$ d2 & d29, Cisplatin $60mg/m^2,$ dl & d28) chemotherapy. Between Aug. 1993 and Nov. 1994, 62 patients entered this study; $6(10\%)$ had advanced stage IIIa and $56(90\%)$ had IIIb disease including 11 with pleural effusion and 10 with supraclavicular metastases. Among 62 patients, $48(77\%)$ completed planned therapy. Fourteen patients refused further treatment during chemoradiotherapy. Of 46 patients evaluable for response, $34(74\%)$ showed major response including $10(22\%)$ with complete and $24(52\%)$ with partial responses. Of 48 patients evaluable for toxicity, $13(27\%)$ showed grade IV hematologic toxicity but treatment delay did not exceed 5 days Two patients died of sepsis during chemoradiotherapy. Severe weight loss(more than $10\%)$ occurred in 9 patients$(19\%)$ during treatment. Nine patients$(19\%)$ developed radiation pneumonitis Six of these patients had grade 1 (mild) Pneumonitis with radiographic changes within the treatment fields Three other patients had grade 11 Pneumonitis, but none of these patients had continuous symptoms after steroid treatment. Concurrent chemoradiotherapy for patients with advanced NSCLC was well tolerated with acceptable toxicity and achieved higher response rates than the first study, but rather low compliance $rate(77\%)$ in this study is worrisome. We need to improve nutritional support during treatment and to use G-CSF to improve leukopenia and if necessary. supportive care will be given as in patients, Longer follow-up and larger sample size is needed to observe survival advantage.

최근 꽃꽃이에 利用되는 乾燥, 加工, 異質素材에 關한 硏究

최은경,박학봉,박병모,박정선 한국화훼연구회 1996 화훼연구 Vol.5 No.2

This study was conducted to investigate use of dry, procssing and extraneous materials used in modern flower arrangments. 1.Dry, processing and extraneous materials were used greater in outdoor exhibition than in indoor exihibition. 2.For extraneous materials, utilization frequency was increased in order of cloth (18.5%), object(17.0%), line formed acryloyl or glass(9.8%) and artifical flower(9.2%). Utilization frequency of object was particularly increased from 15.8% to 27.7% in 1994-1995. 3.Actinidia arguta(39.3%) was the most frequently used for dry materials and Ribes mandshuricum, Preraria thunberiana and Smilax china were widly used. 4.For processing materials, Edgeworhia papyrifera(24.9%) was the most frequently used. In addition, utlization frequency of processing materials was increased in order of Kochia scoparia(8.25%), Ponicirus trifoliata(7.38%), Salix(4.30%). 5.Fruit and vegetable materials including dry, processing and extraneous materials were mainly used additional materials in flower arrangements. But the kind of fruit and vegetable materials was more various in the last 3 years.

텅스텐(W)을 첨가한 Bi_4Ti_3O_1_2 (BTW) 박막의 미세구조 및 강유전 특성 변화

최은경,정원태,강민진,김두희,김현주,박문흠,구영건,김상수 昌原大學校 基礎科學硏究所 2002 基礎科學硏究所論文集 Vol.14 No.-

The un-doped Bi_4Ti_3O_12(BIT)and W-doped Bi_4Ti_3O_12(BTW) thin films were prepared on Pt(111)/Ti/Sio_2/Si(100) substrates by a sol-gel process amd spin caoting method. The films were analyzed by X-ray diffraction(XRD)and scanning electron microscopy(SEM). The ferroelectric hysteresis loops and the fatigue properties were obtained using a RT66A ferroelectric tester.X-ray diffraction measurements showed layered perovskite structures with a single phase in both films. The remanent polarization(2 P_r)and the coercive field(2 E_c)fo the BTW thin film were 16 u C/㎠ and 115 ㎸/㎝,respectively, with a applied field of 170 ㎸/㎝. In addition,the BTW thin film showed a low fatigue behavior up to 4.5×10^10 read/write cycles.The dielectric constant was measured 400 at 10 ㎑.