ceramic

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By the end of the 18th century, other Eurpean countries were also producing porcelain,

and today France and England produce some of the finest porcelain in the world.

There are different ways to form a clay dish or bowl.

The esaiest method is to simply hollow out a clay ball,using your hands.

Another simple method is to roll the clay into a long ''rope'' and then wind it into a shape.

A third method is to spread the clay around something.

The invetion of the pottery's wheel more than 5000 years ago introduced an entirely new way to form a clay object.

With this method, the potter places some clay in the center of a round, flat wheel that can turn very fast.

As the wheel turns, the potter uses his or her hands to shape the clay.

Using a potter's wheel makes it possible to form clay objects that are smoother and more uniformly round.

A clay object is usually decorated first and then baked.

Baking the clay at very high temperatures makes hard and storng

Firing also makes the glaze stick to the pottery.

When the firing is completed, the potter must carefully remove the pottery from the oven and let it cool slowly. If it cools too quickly, it could crack and breack.

Over the years, clay objects have served many purposes.

Obviously, one of the most common uses of pottery is for house hold disges.

Because pottery is storng and waterproof, it makes an excellent dish for carrying, storing, cookinng, and serving food. Fired caly has also been used to make bricks for building houses and to make tiles for covering floors.

Ceramics are also incredibly heat resistant, so they can be used where metal would melt or become weak. Today, ceramics are important in industry and engineering.

one rarely discussed use of ceramics is for burial ceremonies. In some cultures, special ceramic objects were buried along with the dead person.

Archeologists think these ceramic objects were made especially for burial ceremonies because their decoration is elaborate.

In some cultures,parts of a dead person's body were removed, placed in ceramic vases, and then buried with the body. ceramic objects showing a dead person's title and office held have also been found at burial sites.

some people refuse to consider the making of ceramics an art form because the objects created are so often useful things.

At the same times, however, many of those useful ceramic things are extremely valuabe.

some are even kept in museums.

In the country of Iran, ancient pottery is considered to be so valuable to the culture that there are harsh punishment for anyone who tries to take ceramic artifacts out of the country.

The punishments range from paying money to time in jail.

That is certainly a clear indication that ceramics are valued by many people

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